tender.analitik.my

Read from MyProcurement Wed 28 Oct at 13:15

Open federal tenders and quotations (sebut harga) by closing day

Against earlier years

Number of awardsValue

Each year's solid bar counts awards made from 1 January to 30 Jul and published by 30 Jul that year, so 2026 is compared like for like. The outline above it is what was published later. Results reach MyProcurement months or years after the award, and the last 90 days are left out because our copy of the newest results is still incomplete.

Industries
IndustryOpen nowWithin 7 daysIndicative priceAwards 2021–2026, number2026 vs 2025
Health and medical3636RM 750k on 12021: 1,682 published by the same date, 3,974 for the full year2022: 1,618 published by the same date, 3,963 for the full year2023: 1,442 published by the same date, 3,884 for the full year2024: 2,073 published by the same date, 5,208 for the full year2025: 2,548 published by the same date, 6,323 for the full year2026: 2,632 published by the same date▲ 3%
Office, furniture and print2121RM 52k on 12021: 1,804 published by the same date, 4,695 for the full year2022: 2,115 published by the same date, 4,396 for the full year2023: 1,196 published by the same date, 2,969 for the full year2024: 1,616 published by the same date, 3,510 for the full year2025: 1,586 published by the same date, 3,726 for the full year2026: 1,479 published by the same date▼ 7%
Building and civil works2020RM 21.2m on 132021: 275 published by the same date, 1,809 for the full year2022: 401 published by the same date, 2,246 for the full year2023: 254 published by the same date, 2,048 for the full year2024: 670 published by the same date, 2,941 for the full year2025: 688 published by the same date, 2,691 for the full year2026: 630 published by the same date▼ 8%
Cleaning, upkeep and rental13132021: 1,711 published by the same date, 4,820 for the full year2022: 2,295 published by the same date, 5,202 for the full year2023: 1,487 published by the same date, 3,562 for the full year2024: 1,645 published by the same date, 4,138 for the full year2025: 1,753 published by the same date, 4,408 for the full year2026: 1,898 published by the same date▲ 8%
Mechanical and electrical1313RM 41.3m on 42021: 441 published by the same date, 1,480 for the full year2022: 475 published by the same date, 1,495 for the full year2023: 284 published by the same date, 1,216 for the full year2024: 430 published by the same date, 1,415 for the full year2025: 548 published by the same date, 1,527 for the full year2026: 625 published by the same date▲ 14%
Vehicles, vessels and aircraft12122021: 1,002 published by the same date, 2,366 for the full year2022: 832 published by the same date, 1,707 for the full year2023: 444 published by the same date, 1,172 for the full year2024: 614 published by the same date, 1,287 for the full year2025: 707 published by the same date, 1,692 for the full year2026: 896 published by the same date▲ 27%
Food and catering99RM 54 on 12021: 750 published by the same date, 1,989 for the full year2022: 812 published by the same date, 2,273 for the full year2023: 608 published by the same date, 2,156 for the full year2024: 718 published by the same date, 1,680 for the full year2025: 739 published by the same date, 1,875 for the full year2026: 774 published by the same date▲ 5%
ICT and telecoms88RM 258k on 22021: 541 published by the same date, 1,848 for the full year2022: 637 published by the same date, 1,661 for the full year2023: 404 published by the same date, 1,435 for the full year2024: 693 published by the same date, 1,598 for the full year2025: 725 published by the same date, 2,000 for the full year2026: 982 published by the same date▲ 35%
Training, events and manpower77RM 9.4m on 22021: 184 published by the same date, 537 for the full year2022: 282 published by the same date, 734 for the full year2023: 312 published by the same date, 594 for the full year2024: 173 published by the same date, 398 for the full year2025: 335 published by the same date, 629 for the full year2026: 159 published by the same date▼ 53%
Consultancy552021: 22 published by the same date, 163 for the full year2022: 32 published by the same date, 195 for the full year2023: 28 published by the same date, 144 for the full year2024: 48 published by the same date, 175 for the full year2025: 38 published by the same date, 114 for the full year2026: 63 published by the same date▲ 66%
Defence and security442021: 766 published by the same date, 2,195 for the full year2022: 699 published by the same date, 2,069 for the full year2023: 876 published by the same date, 1,785 for the full year2024: 548 published by the same date, 2,162 for the full year2025: 634 published by the same date, 1,904 for the full year2026: 620 published by the same date▼ 2%
Chemicals, fuel and labs44RM 724k on 22021: 432 published by the same date, 1,069 for the full year2022: 503 published by the same date, 982 for the full year2023: 278 published by the same date, 731 for the full year2024: 365 published by the same date, 864 for the full year2025: 418 published by the same date, 965 for the full year2026: 499 published by the same date▲ 19%
Agriculture and livestock33RM 986k on 22021: 244 published by the same date, 606 for the full year2022: 332 published by the same date, 591 for the full year2023: 188 published by the same date, 403 for the full year2024: 324 published by the same date, 494 for the full year2025: 331 published by the same date, 472 for the full year2026: 334 published by the same date▲ 1%
Other02021: 10 published by the same date, 70 for the full year2022: 10 published by the same date, 55 for the full year2023: 10 published by the same date, 35 for the full year2024: 8 published by the same date, 27 for the full year2025: 5 published by the same date, 14 for the full year2026: 4 published by the same date▼ 20%
Ministries
MinistryOpen nowWithin 7 daysIndicative priceAwards 2021–2026, number2026 vs 2025
WorksKEMENTERIAN KERJA RAYA88RM 38.5m on 22021: 25 published by the same date, 73 for the full year2022: 9 published by the same date, 37 for the full year2023: 8 published by the same date, 24 for the full year2024: 18 published by the same date, 66 for the full year2025: 43 published by the same date, 69 for the full year2026: 57 published by the same date▲ 33%
State SecretariesSETIAUSAHA KERAJAAN NEGERI33RM 1.3m on 12021: 1 published by the same date, 4 for the full year2022: 4 published by the same date, 7 for the full year2023: 2 published by the same date, 8 for the full year2024: 4 published by the same date, 15 for the full year2025: 17 published by the same date, 23 for the full year2026: 17 published by the same datelevel
Higher EducationKEMENTERIAN PENDIDIKAN TINGGI22RM 1.5m on 12021: 31 published by the same date, 131 for the full year2022: 46 published by the same date, 129 for the full year2023: 22 published by the same date, 114 for the full year2024: 51 published by the same date, 144 for the full year2025: 93 published by the same date, 178 for the full year2026: 109 published by the same date▲ 17%
Human ResourcesKEMENTERIAN SUMBER MANUSIA02021: 26 published by the same date, 138 for the full year2022: 23 published by the same date, 87 for the full year2023: 20 published by the same date, 60 for the full year2024: 33 published by the same date, 86 for the full year2025: 44 published by the same date, 68 for the full year2026: 35 published by the same date▼ 20%
Home AffairsKEMENTERIAN DALAM NEGERI02021: 24 published by the same date, 97 for the full year2022: 30 published by the same date, 91 for the full year2023: 36 published by the same date, 126 for the full year2024: 45 published by the same date, 156 for the full year2025: 42 published by the same date, 126 for the full year2026: 58 published by the same date▲ 38%
Rural and Regional DevelopmentKEMENTERIAN KEMAJUAN DESA DAN WILAYAH02021: 2 published by the same date, 10 for the full year2022: 0 published by the same date, 1 for the full year2023: 0 published by the same date, 72 for the full year2024: 15 published by the same date, 74 for the full year2025: 41 published by the same date, 186 for the full year2026: 20 published by the same date▼ 51%
Agriculture and Food SecurityKEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN DAN KETERJAMINAN MAKANAN02021: 28 published by the same date, 80 for the full year2022: 35 published by the same date, 124 for the full year2023: 29 published by the same date, 92 for the full year2024: 66 published by the same date, 103 for the full year2025: 35 published by the same date, 72 for the full year2026: 42 published by the same date▲ 20%
Youth and SportsKEMENTERIAN BELIA DAN SUKAN02021: 55 published by the same date, 113 for the full year2022: 60 published by the same date, 127 for the full year2023: 22 published by the same date, 65 for the full year2024: 35 published by the same date, 78 for the full year2025: 33 published by the same date, 94 for the full year2026: 63 published by the same date▲ 91%
HealthKEMENTERIAN KESIHATAN02021: 33 published by the same date, 116 for the full year2022: 37 published by the same date, 128 for the full year2023: 17 published by the same date, 139 for the full year2024: 23 published by the same date, 156 for the full year2025: 32 published by the same date, 154 for the full year2026: 32 published by the same datelevel
Energy Transition and WaterKEMENTERIAN PERALIHAN TENAGA DAN TRANSFORMASI AIR02021: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2022: 0 published by the same date, 1 for the full year2023: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2024: 11 published by the same date, 28 for the full year2025: 30 published by the same date, 57 for the full year2026: 29 published by the same date▼ 3%
Science, Technology and InnovationKEMENTERIAN SAINS, TEKNOLOGI DAN INOVASI02021: 23 published by the same date, 66 for the full year2022: 21 published by the same date, 50 for the full year2023: 26 published by the same date, 58 for the full year2024: 23 published by the same date, 99 for the full year2025: 29 published by the same date, 68 for the full year2026: 28 published by the same date▼ 3%
EducationKEMENTERIAN PENDIDIKAN MALAYSIA02021: 30 published by the same date, 197 for the full year2022: 51 published by the same date, 298 for the full year2023: 26 published by the same date, 163 for the full year2024: 30 published by the same date, 152 for the full year2025: 27 published by the same date, 172 for the full year2026: 41 published by the same date▲ 52%
Housing and Local GovernmentKEMENTERIAN PERUMAHAN DAN KERAJAAN TEMPATAN02021: 69 published by the same date, 118 for the full year2022: 48 published by the same date, 106 for the full year2023: 14 published by the same date, 69 for the full year2024: 22 published by the same date, 53 for the full year2025: 23 published by the same date, 72 for the full year2026: 34 published by the same date▲ 48%
Prime Minister's DepartmentJABATAN PERDANA MENTERI02021: 13 published by the same date, 44 for the full year2022: 8 published by the same date, 40 for the full year2023: 15 published by the same date, 67 for the full year2024: 19 published by the same date, 75 for the full year2025: 16 published by the same date, 59 for the full year2026: 27 published by the same date▲ 69%
DefenceKEMENTERIAN PERTAHANAN02021: 35 published by the same date, 109 for the full year2022: 28 published by the same date, 66 for the full year2023: 20 published by the same date, 72 for the full year2024: 20 published by the same date, 64 for the full year2025: 13 published by the same date, 58 for the full year2026: 12 published by the same date▼ 8%
Natural ResourcesKEMENTERIAN SUMBER ASLI DAN KELESTARIAN ALAM02021: 0 published by the same date, 5 for the full year2022: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2023: 0 published by the same date, 4 for the full year2024: 3 published by the same date, 11 for the full year2025: 11 published by the same date, 17 for the full year2026: 7 published by the same date▼ 36%
TransportKEMENTERIAN PENGANGKUTAN02021: 6 published by the same date, 20 for the full year2022: 5 published by the same date, 14 for the full year2023: 5 published by the same date, 16 for the full year2024: 2 published by the same date, 11 for the full year2025: 6 published by the same date, 7 for the full year2026: 3 published by the same date▼ 50%
CommunicationsKEMENTERIAN KOMUNIKASI02021: 0 published by the same date, 4 for the full year2022: 0 published by the same date, 17 for the full year2023: 0 published by the same date, 1 for the full year2024: 4 published by the same date, 17 for the full year2025: 4 published by the same date, 8 for the full year2026: 3 published by the same date▼ 25%
FinanceKEMENTERIAN KEWANGAN02021: 0 published by the same date, 16 for the full year2022: 2 published by the same date, 13 for the full year2023: 2 published by the same date, 9 for the full year2024: 3 published by the same date, 17 for the full year2025: 3 published by the same date, 22 for the full year2026: 4 published by the same date▲ 33%
Entrepreneur and CooperativesKEMENTERIAN PEMBANGUNAN USAHAWAN DAN KOPERASI02021: 3 published by the same date, 6 for the full year2022: 1 published by the same date, 2 for the full year2023: 0 published by the same date, 1 for the full year2024: 1 published by the same date, 4 for the full year2025: 2 published by the same date, 3 for the full year2026: 0 published by the same date▼ 100%
DigitalKEMENTERIAN DIGITAL02021: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2022: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2023: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2024: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2025: 1 published by the same date, 1 for the full year2026: 0 published by the same date▼ 100%
EconomyKEMENTERIAN EKONOMI02021: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2022: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2023: 0 published by the same date, 1 for the full year2024: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2025: 1 published by the same date, 1 for the full year2026: 1 published by the same datelevel
Domestic Trade and Cost of LivingKEMENTERIAN PERDAGANGAN DALAM NEGERI DAN KOS SARA HIDUP02021: 1 published by the same date, 3 for the full year2022: 2 published by the same date, 2 for the full year2023: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2024: 0 published by the same date, 2 for the full year2025: 1 published by the same date, 1 for the full year2026: 0 published by the same date▼ 100%
National UnityKEMENTERIAN PERPADUAN NEGARA02021: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2022: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2023: 0 published by the same date, 4 for the full year2024: 2 published by the same date, 2 for the full year2025: 1 published by the same date, 4 for the full year2026: 1 published by the same datelevel
Women, Family and CommunityKEMENTERIAN PEMBANGUNAN WANITA, KELUARGA DAN MASYARAKAT02021: 0 published by the same date, 2 for the full year2022: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2023: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2024: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2025: 0 published by the same date, 2 for the full year2026: 2 published by the same datenew

Show all 25 ministries

The calls

  1. closes tomorrow
    KERJA-KERJA PENGGANTIAN 14 UNIT LIF, 16 UNIT ESKALATOR DAN 2 UNIT MOVING WALK SERTA LAIN-LAIN KERJA BERKAITAN DI JOHOR BAHRU SENTRAL

    Works · JABATAN KERJA RAYA MALAYSIA (JKR)

    Tender · Kerja · Mechanical and electrical · M03 · JKR/CKM/33/02/2026

    RM 38.3m
  2. closes tomorrow
    PEMASANGAN ELEKTRIK UNTUK PEMBINAAN BANGUNAN TAMBAHAN DI INSTITUT PENDIDIKAN GURU KAMPUS IPOH, PERAK

    Works · JABATAN KERJA RAYA MALAYSIA (JKR)

    Tender · Kerja · Mechanical and electrical · E04, E11, E16, E17 · JKR/CKE/23067/2026

  3. closes tomorrow
    MEMBEKAL, MENGHANTAR, MEMASANG, MENGUJI DAN MEMBERI LATIHAN BAGI PERALATAN PEROLEHAN PERALATAN MAKMAL BERTEKNOLOGI MODEN UNTUK KEGUNAAN PENGAJARAN DAN PENYELIDIKAN DI JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRIK, FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN, UNIVERSITI MALAYA.

    Higher Education · UNIVERSITI MALAYA (UM)

    Tender · Bekalan · Mechanical and electrical · 100101, 140501, 140502 · UM.FC/FSD/PC/612/16/2026/62

    RM 1.5m
  4. closes tomorrow
    PROJEK SEMPADAN SARAWAK - PENYAMBUNGAN BEKALAN ELEKTRIK DI POS SERIKIN

    State Secretaries · NEGERI SARAWAK

    Quotation · Kerja · Mechanical and electrical · E04, E11, E21 · Q/053(F)/2026

    RM 1.3m
  5. closes tomorrow
    TAWARAN SEMULA KERJA-KERJA PEMBAIKAN DAN PENGGANTIAN PANEL SUB MAIN DISTRIBUTION BOARD (SMDB) DAN DISTRIBUTION BOARD (DB) SERTA KERJA-KERJA BERKAITAN DI DEWAN GEMILANG, BLOK SETIA PERKASA 1, KOMPLEKS SETIA PERKASA, PUTRAJAYA

    Works · JKR WILAYAH PERSEKUTUAN (PUTRAJAYA)

    Quotation · Kerja · Mechanical and electrical · E04, E11 · JKR/WPP/Q/111/2026

  6. closes tomorrow
    PEMASANGAN ELEKTRIK UNTUK MENGGANTIKAN JAMBATAN DESA JAYA (FT003/582/70), JALAN KUALA TERENGGANU - KOTA BHARU, SETIU, TERENGGANU

    Works · JABATAN KERJA RAYA NEGERI TERENGGANU

    Quotation · Kerja · Mechanical and electrical · E04, E11, E16, E17 · JKRE(T)SH/P/0099/2026

    RM 245k
  7. closes tomorrow
    KERJA-KERJA PEMBAIKAN DAN SENGGARAAN SISTEM ELEKTRIK DOMESTIK RUMAH ANGKATAN TENTERA (RKAT) PEGAWAI DAN LAIN-LAIN KERJA BERKAITAN UNTUK KERJA KONTRAK BERMASA BAGI TEMPOH DUA PULUH EMPAT (24) BULAN DI DALAM PANGKALAN UDARA SUBANG, SHAH ALAM, SELANGOR

    Works · JABATAN KERJA RAYA NEGERI SELANGOR

    Quotation · Kerja · Mechanical and electrical · E04, E11 · JKR / TUDM (S) / E / 2026 / 05

  8. closes tomorrow
    KERJA - KERJA PEMBAIKAN DAN SENGGARAAN SISTEM ELEKTRIK DOMESTIK KAWASAN LAPANGAN TERBANG (AIRSIDE) & HANGAR DAN LAIN - LAIN BANGUNAN SERTA LAIN - LAIN KERJA BERKAITAN UNTUK KERJA KONTRAK BERMASA BAGI TEMPOH DUA PULUH EMPAT (24) BULAN DI DALAM PENGKALAN TENTERA UDARA SUBANG, SHAH ALAM, SELANGOR

    Works · JABATAN KERJA RAYA NEGERI SELANGOR

    Quotation · Kerja · Mechanical and electrical · E04, E11 · JKR / TUDM (S) / E / 2026 / 06

  9. closes tomorrow
    KONTRAK BERMASA KERJA SENGGARAAN DAN PEMBAIKAN SISTEM VOLTAN AMAT RENDAH BAGI KAMERA LITAR TERTUTUP DAN KAD AKSES UNTUK TEMPOH DUA (2) TAHUN DI DALAM PENGKALAN UDARA SUBANG, SHAH ALAM, SELANGOR.

    Works · JABATAN KERJA RAYA NEGERI SELANGOR

    Quotation · Kerja · Mechanical and electrical · E02, E04, E11 · JKR / TUDM (S) / E / 2026 / 07

  10. closes tomorrow
    KONTRAK BERMASA KERJA SENGGARAAN DAN PEMBAIKAN SISTEM ELEKTRIK BAGI PEMANAS AIR (WATER HEATER) DAN METER ELEKTRIK SERTA LAIN-LAIN KERJA BERKAITAN UNTUK TEMPOH DUA (2) TAHUN DI DALAM PANGKALAN TENTERA UDARA SUBANG SHAH ALAM SELANGOR

    Works · JABATAN KERJA RAYA NEGERI SELANGOR

    Quotation · Kerja · Mechanical and electrical · E04, E11 · JKR / TUDM (S) / E /2026 / 08

  11. closes tomorrow
    SISTEM PENCEGAH KEBAKARAN UNTUK PEMBINAAN BAHARU KLINIK KESIHATAN (JENIS 2) USJ 1, SUBANG JAYA, PETALING JAYA, SELANGOR.KONTRAKTOR YANG BERDAFTAR DENGAN LEMBAGA PEMBANGUNAN INDUSTRI PEMBINAAN MALAYSIA (LPIPM/ CIDB) DALAM GRED G3 KATEGORI ME DAN PENGKHUSUSAN M02 DAN MEMPUNYAI SIJIL TARAF BUMIPUTERA YANG DIKELUARKAN OLEH PUSAT KHIDMAT KONTRAKTOR (PKK), SIJIL PEMATUHAN CUKAI TCC (STATUS PATUH) DAN SURUHANJAYA SYARIKAT MALAYSIA.BAGI KONTRAKTOR YANG TIDAK MEMPUNYAI PENGKHUSUSAN. KONTRAKTOR TIDAK DIBENARKAN MEMOHON KEBENARAN KHAS DARIPADA CIDB UNTUK PENGKHUSUSAN BIDANG KERJA YANG DITETAPKAN. BORANG SEBUTHARGA YANG TELAH DIISI DENGAN LENGKAP HENDAKLAH DIMASUKKAN KE DALAM PETI SEBUTHARGA DI PEJABAT. JKR CAW. KEJ. MEKANIKAL TIDAK LEWAT DARI JAM 12.00 TENGAHARI, HARI KHAMIS BERTARIKH 29/10/2026.

    State Secretaries · NEGERI SELANGOR

    Quotation · Kerja · Mechanical and electrical · M02 · JKR/PER/SEL/96/2026(MEK)

  12. closes tomorrow
    SISTEM PENCEGAH KEBAKARAN DAN SISTEM MEKANIKAL BERKAITAN UNTUK MENYIAPKAN BAKI KERJA PEJABAT PENGKALAN UDARA (MOB) BOMBA SUBANG, SELANGOR.KONTRAKTOR YANG BERDAFTAR DENGAN LEMBAGA PEMBANGUNAN INDUSTRI PEMBINAAN MALAYSIA (LPIPM/ CIDB) DALAM GRED G4 KATEGORI ME DAN PENGKHUSUSAN M02 DAN MEMPUNYAI SIJIL TARAF BUMIPUTERA YANG DIKELUARKAN OLEH PUSAT KHIDMAT KONTRAKTOR (PKK), SIJIL PEMATUHAN CUKAI TCC (STATUS PATUH) DAN SURUHANJAYA SYARIKAT MALAYSIA.BAGI KONTRAKTOR YANG TIDAK MEMPUNYAI PENGKHUSUSAN. KONTRAKTOR TIDAK DIBENARKAN MEMOHON KEBENARAN KHAS DARIPADA CIDB UNTUK PENGKHUSUSAN BIDANG KERJA YANG DITETAPKAN. BORANG SEBUTHARGA YANG TELAH DIISI DENGAN LENGKAP HENDAKLAH DIMASUKKAN KE DALAM PETI SEBUTHARGA DI PEJABAT. JKR CAW. KEJ. MEKANIKAL TIDAK LEWAT DARI JAM 12.00 TENGAHARI, HARI KHAMIS BERTARIKH 29/10/2026.

    State Secretaries · NEGERI SELANGOR

    Quotation · Kerja · Mechanical and electrical · M02 · JKR/PER/SEL/84/2026(MEK)

  13. closes tomorrow
    MEMBEKAL, MENGHANTAR, MEMASANG, MENGUJILARI, DAN MENTAULIAH MESIN PENGELUARAN DAN KELENGKAPAN KHUSUS SERTA KERJA BERKAITAN BAGI KEGUNAAN PROGRAM SIJIL TEKNOLOGI PEMPROSESAN MAKANAN DI KOLEJ KOMUNITI ARAU

    Higher Education · JABATAN PENDIDIKAN POLITEKNIK DAN KOLEJ KOMUNITI

    Quotation · Bekalan · Mechanical and electrical · 130101, 130102 · QT260000000029607

How this is made

Open calls are read from the Treasury's MyProcurement advertisement pages three times a day: 982 of 982 tenders and 3,870 of 3,881 quotations on the last read. A call stays on MyProcurement for a while after it closes; those are hidden unless you ask for them. Each title links to its own MyProcurement page, which holds the documents and the official dates.

Industries come from the field codes on each call (MOF supply and service codes, CIDB works codes), grouped into fourteen industries. Awards carry no field codes, so their industry is estimated from the title by a word model trained on the open calls; on calls where both are known the two agree about four times in five. Treat industry history as an estimate, and ministry history as exact.

Award history covers 144,770 tenders and quotations awarded from 2021, from the same site's results archive. Ministries that were renamed are counted under today's name (for example, Pembangunan Luar Bandar under Kemajuan Desa dan Wilayah); ministries that were split or merged keep their old names. A state is shown only when the title or agency names exactly one state, which is true for 2,778 of 4,852 calls.

tender.analitik.my is independent analysis by analitik.my. It is not affiliated with the Treasury or any ministry. Bids are made only through ePerolehan or the issuing agency, never through a third party.

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