tender.analitik.my

Read from MyProcurement Wed 28 Oct at 13:15

Open federal tenders and quotations (sebut harga) by closing day

Against earlier years

Number of awardsValue

Each year's solid bar counts awards made from 1 January to 30 Jul and published by 30 Jul that year, so 2026 is compared like for like. The outline above it is what was published later. Results reach MyProcurement months or years after the award, and the last 90 days are left out because our copy of the newest results is still incomplete.

Industries
IndustryOpen nowWithin 7 daysIndicative priceAwards 2021–2026, number2026 vs 2025
Chemicals, fuel and labs3118RM 18.0m on 212021: 12 published by the same date, 35 for the full year2022: 24 published by the same date, 80 for the full year2023: 8 published by the same date, 32 for the full year2024: 20 published by the same date, 65 for the full year2025: 41 published by the same date, 107 for the full year2026: 35 published by the same date▼ 15%
Health and medical3112RM 38.0m on 232021: 0 published by the same date, 4 for the full year2022: 0 published by the same date, 11 for the full year2023: 0 published by the same date, 4 for the full year2024: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2025: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2026: 0 published by the same datenew
Building and civil works2111RM 6.7m on 152021: 3 published by the same date, 38 for the full year2022: 2 published by the same date, 38 for the full year2023: 4 published by the same date, 24 for the full year2024: 1 published by the same date, 41 for the full year2025: 13 published by the same date, 58 for the full year2026: 8 published by the same date▼ 38%
Mechanical and electrical2011RM 2.3m on 52021: 31 published by the same date, 131 for the full year2022: 46 published by the same date, 129 for the full year2023: 22 published by the same date, 114 for the full year2024: 51 published by the same date, 144 for the full year2025: 93 published by the same date, 178 for the full year2026: 109 published by the same date▲ 17%
ICT and telecoms188RM 12.5m on 132021: 20 published by the same date, 88 for the full year2022: 25 published by the same date, 130 for the full year2023: 35 published by the same date, 86 for the full year2024: 51 published by the same date, 114 for the full year2025: 35 published by the same date, 118 for the full year2026: 61 published by the same date▲ 74%
Office, furniture and print1711RM 3.7m on 102021: 69 published by the same date, 162 for the full year2022: 69 published by the same date, 193 for the full year2023: 44 published by the same date, 90 for the full year2024: 48 published by the same date, 122 for the full year2025: 123 published by the same date, 176 for the full year2026: 76 published by the same date▼ 38%
Cleaning, upkeep and rental164RM 2.9m on 32021: 84 published by the same date, 196 for the full year2022: 85 published by the same date, 254 for the full year2023: 56 published by the same date, 122 for the full year2024: 71 published by the same date, 161 for the full year2025: 90 published by the same date, 145 for the full year2026: 69 published by the same date▼ 23%
Defence and security82RM 749k on 22021: 48 published by the same date, 97 for the full year2022: 33 published by the same date, 84 for the full year2023: 15 published by the same date, 56 for the full year2024: 33 published by the same date, 73 for the full year2025: 29 published by the same date, 73 for the full year2026: 40 published by the same date▲ 38%
Training, events and manpower64RM 1.7m on 52021: 7 published by the same date, 41 for the full year2022: 23 published by the same date, 116 for the full year2023: 8 published by the same date, 27 for the full year2024: 6 published by the same date, 31 for the full year2025: 9 published by the same date, 19 for the full year2026: 1 published by the same date▼ 89%
Vehicles, vessels and aircraft312021: 6 published by the same date, 15 for the full year2022: 4 published by the same date, 10 for the full year2023: 1 published by the same date, 2 for the full year2024: 3 published by the same date, 5 for the full year2025: 3 published by the same date, 8 for the full year2026: 3 published by the same datelevel
Other32RM 382k on 22021: 1 published by the same date, 44 for the full year2022: 0 published by the same date, 19 for the full year2023: 2 published by the same date, 15 for the full year2024: 1 published by the same date, 12 for the full year2025: 2 published by the same date, 4 for the full year2026: 1 published by the same date▼ 50%
Consultancy1RM 950k on 12021: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2022: 0 published by the same date, 4 for the full year2023: 0 published by the same date, 2 for the full year2024: 0 published by the same date, 2 for the full year2025: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2026: 0 published by the same datenew
Food and catering02021: 16 published by the same date, 41 for the full year2022: 16 published by the same date, 40 for the full year2023: 6 published by the same date, 24 for the full year2024: 11 published by the same date, 32 for the full year2025: 10 published by the same date, 23 for the full year2026: 14 published by the same date▲ 40%
Agriculture and livestock02021: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2022: 0 published by the same date, 2 for the full year2023: 1 published by the same date, 1 for the full year2024: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2025: 1 published by the same date, 1 for the full year2026: 0 published by the same date▼ 100%
Ministries
MinistryOpen nowWithin 7 daysIndicative priceAwards 2021–2026, number2026 vs 2025
DefenceKEMENTERIAN PERTAHANAN17152021: 254 published by the same date, 518 for the full year2022: 247 published by the same date, 431 for the full year2023: 154 published by the same date, 335 for the full year2024: 262 published by the same date, 518 for the full year2025: 242 published by the same date, 445 for the full year2026: 241 published by the same datelevel
Higher EducationKEMENTERIAN PENDIDIKAN TINGGI164RM 2.9m on 32021: 84 published by the same date, 196 for the full year2022: 85 published by the same date, 254 for the full year2023: 56 published by the same date, 122 for the full year2024: 71 published by the same date, 161 for the full year2025: 90 published by the same date, 145 for the full year2026: 69 published by the same date▼ 23%
Human ResourcesKEMENTERIAN SUMBER MANUSIA13102021: 81 published by the same date, 235 for the full year2022: 106 published by the same date, 260 for the full year2023: 91 published by the same date, 164 for the full year2024: 99 published by the same date, 203 for the full year2025: 112 published by the same date, 228 for the full year2026: 104 published by the same date▼ 7%
Home AffairsKEMENTERIAN DALAM NEGERI1292021: 218 published by the same date, 522 for the full year2022: 188 published by the same date, 486 for the full year2023: 267 published by the same date, 560 for the full year2024: 199 published by the same date, 472 for the full year2025: 261 published by the same date, 575 for the full year2026: 265 published by the same date▲ 2%
Prime Minister's DepartmentJABATAN PERDANA MENTERI106RM 1.5m on 12021: 106 published by the same date, 336 for the full year2022: 108 published by the same date, 302 for the full year2023: 97 published by the same date, 307 for the full year2024: 94 published by the same date, 227 for the full year2025: 144 published by the same date, 326 for the full year2026: 130 published by the same date▼ 10%
HealthKEMENTERIAN KESIHATAN712021: 159 published by the same date, 442 for the full year2022: 234 published by the same date, 434 for the full year2023: 111 published by the same date, 287 for the full year2024: 161 published by the same date, 331 for the full year2025: 191 published by the same date, 410 for the full year2026: 201 published by the same date▲ 5%
Rural and Regional DevelopmentKEMENTERIAN KEMAJUAN DESA DAN WILAYAH7RM 494k on 12021: 83 published by the same date, 155 for the full year2022: 31 published by the same date, 156 for the full year2023: 38 published by the same date, 291 for the full year2024: 61 published by the same date, 291 for the full year2025: 113 published by the same date, 214 for the full year2026: 93 published by the same date▼ 18%
EducationKEMENTERIAN PENDIDIKAN MALAYSIA552021: 236 published by the same date, 1,202 for the full year2022: 756 published by the same date, 1,761 for the full year2023: 328 published by the same date, 637 for the full year2024: 257 published by the same date, 1,085 for the full year2025: 170 published by the same date, 1,161 for the full year2026: 329 published by the same date▲ 94%
Youth and SportsKEMENTERIAN BELIA DAN SUKAN522021: 43 published by the same date, 106 for the full year2022: 68 published by the same date, 128 for the full year2023: 46 published by the same date, 80 for the full year2024: 32 published by the same date, 54 for the full year2025: 26 published by the same date, 64 for the full year2026: 35 published by the same date▲ 35%
FinanceKEMENTERIAN KEWANGAN432021: 51 published by the same date, 130 for the full year2022: 43 published by the same date, 101 for the full year2023: 34 published by the same date, 100 for the full year2024: 39 published by the same date, 115 for the full year2025: 46 published by the same date, 108 for the full year2026: 59 published by the same date▲ 28%
Housing and Local GovernmentKEMENTERIAN PERUMAHAN DAN KERAJAAN TEMPATAN312021: 30 published by the same date, 62 for the full year2022: 21 published by the same date, 42 for the full year2023: 18 published by the same date, 35 for the full year2024: 27 published by the same date, 51 for the full year2025: 29 published by the same date, 51 for the full year2026: 26 published by the same date▼ 10%
Tourism, Arts and CultureKEMENTERIAN PELANCONGAN, SENI DAN BUDAYA32RM 140k on 12021: 27 published by the same date, 66 for the full year2022: 20 published by the same date, 55 for the full year2023: 8 published by the same date, 23 for the full year2024: 9 published by the same date, 17 for the full year2025: 17 published by the same date, 28 for the full year2026: 6 published by the same date▼ 65%
National UnityKEMENTERIAN PERPADUAN NEGARA312021: 6 published by the same date, 21 for the full year2022: 4 published by the same date, 15 for the full year2023: 12 published by the same date, 43 for the full year2024: 18 published by the same date, 43 for the full year2025: 11 published by the same date, 36 for the full year2026: 34 published by the same date▲ 209%
Agriculture and Food SecurityKEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN DAN KETERJAMINAN MAKANAN212021: 48 published by the same date, 109 for the full year2022: 60 published by the same date, 117 for the full year2023: 40 published by the same date, 84 for the full year2024: 42 published by the same date, 85 for the full year2025: 52 published by the same date, 102 for the full year2026: 46 published by the same date▼ 12%
CommunicationsKEMENTERIAN KOMUNIKASI222021: 0 published by the same date, 1 for the full year2022: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2023: 0 published by the same date, 1 for the full year2024: 16 published by the same date, 39 for the full year2025: 25 published by the same date, 43 for the full year2026: 19 published by the same date▼ 24%
Women, Family and CommunityKEMENTERIAN PEMBANGUNAN WANITA, KELUARGA DAN MASYARAKAT12021: 30 published by the same date, 80 for the full year2022: 26 published by the same date, 70 for the full year2023: 20 published by the same date, 60 for the full year2024: 29 published by the same date, 61 for the full year2025: 31 published by the same date, 69 for the full year2026: 36 published by the same date▲ 16%
WorksKEMENTERIAN KERJA RAYA112021: 20 published by the same date, 57 for the full year2022: 24 published by the same date, 42 for the full year2023: 18 published by the same date, 38 for the full year2024: 13 published by the same date, 23 for the full year2025: 14 published by the same date, 37 for the full year2026: 20 published by the same date▲ 43%
State SecretariesSETIAUSAHA KERAJAAN NEGERI11RM 527k on 12021: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2022: 2 published by the same date, 6 for the full year2023: 2 published by the same date, 2 for the full year2024: 3 published by the same date, 5 for the full year2025: 6 published by the same date, 7 for the full year2026: 14 published by the same date▲ 133%
DigitalKEMENTERIAN DIGITAL112021: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2022: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2023: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2024: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2025: 4 published by the same date, 7 for the full year2026: 2 published by the same date▼ 50%
Natural ResourcesKEMENTERIAN SUMBER ASLI DAN KELESTARIAN ALAM02021: 0 published by the same date, 4 for the full year2022: 0 published by the same date, 39 for the full year2023: 0 published by the same date, 19 for the full year2024: 99 published by the same date, 153 for the full year2025: 72 published by the same date, 146 for the full year2026: 75 published by the same date▲ 4%
TransportKEMENTERIAN PENGANGKUTAN02021: 49 published by the same date, 114 for the full year2022: 36 published by the same date, 94 for the full year2023: 29 published by the same date, 106 for the full year2024: 34 published by the same date, 76 for the full year2025: 41 published by the same date, 99 for the full year2026: 31 published by the same date▼ 24%
Energy Transition and WaterKEMENTERIAN PERALIHAN TENAGA DAN TRANSFORMASI AIR02021: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2022: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2023: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2024: 25 published by the same date, 37 for the full year2025: 19 published by the same date, 33 for the full year2026: 17 published by the same date▼ 11%
Domestic Trade and Cost of LivingKEMENTERIAN PERDAGANGAN DALAM NEGERI DAN KOS SARA HIDUP02021: 11 published by the same date, 41 for the full year2022: 18 published by the same date, 36 for the full year2023: 6 published by the same date, 22 for the full year2024: 19 published by the same date, 30 for the full year2025: 18 published by the same date, 28 for the full year2026: 18 published by the same datelevel
Science, Technology and InnovationKEMENTERIAN SAINS, TEKNOLOGI DAN INOVASI02021: 13 published by the same date, 39 for the full year2022: 18 published by the same date, 38 for the full year2023: 14 published by the same date, 34 for the full year2024: 21 published by the same date, 33 for the full year2025: 14 published by the same date, 31 for the full year2026: 18 published by the same date▲ 29%
EconomyKEMENTERIAN EKONOMI02021: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2022: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2023: 4 published by the same date, 20 for the full year2024: 12 published by the same date, 20 for the full year2025: 4 published by the same date, 9 for the full year2026: 8 published by the same date▲ 100%
Foreign AffairsKEMENTERIAN LUAR NEGERI02021: 2 published by the same date, 3 for the full year2022: 3 published by the same date, 6 for the full year2023: 1 published by the same date, 3 for the full year2024: 1 published by the same date, 4 for the full year2025: 1 published by the same date, 3 for the full year2026: 1 published by the same datelevel
Investment, Trade and IndustryKEMENTERIAN PELABURAN, PERDAGANGAN DAN INDUSTRI02021: 0 published by the same date, 1 for the full year2022: 1 published by the same date, 6 for the full year2023: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2024: 0 published by the same date, 1 for the full year2025: 0 published by the same date, 1 for the full year2026: 1 published by the same datenew

Show all 27 ministries

The calls

  1. closes today
    PERKHIDMATAN PENCUCIAN KERING (DRY CLEANING) SET JUBAH DAN KELENGKAPAN JUBAH BAGI ISTIADAT KONVOKESYEN UMK KE-16

    Higher Education · UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA KELANTAN (UMK)

    Quotation · Perkhidmatan Bukan Perunding · Cleaning, upkeep and rental · 222302 · UMK(B)/S/55/2026-TNCAA

    RM 90k
  2. in 5 days
    PERKHIDMATAN MEMBERSIH DAN MENCUCI BANGUNAN DI ZON KOLEJ KEDIAMAN, DI UITM CAWANGAN PULAU PINANG, KAMPUS PERMATANG PAUH SELAMA SATU (1) TAHUN.

    Higher Education · UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA (UITM)

    Tender · Perkhidmatan Bukan Perunding · Cleaning, upkeep and rental · 221001 · UITM/P1/PER/T/F/0926/0003

  3. in 5 days
    PERKHIDMATAN MEMBERSIH DAN MENCUCI BANGUNAN DI ZON OPERASI BANGUNAN LUAR KAMPUS (LK), UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA (UITM) SHAH ALAM, SELANGOR DARUL EHSAN UNTUK TEMPOH SATU (1) TAHUN

    Higher Education · UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA (UITM)

    Quotation · Perkhidmatan Bukan Perunding · Cleaning, upkeep and rental · 221001 · UITM/B1/PER/SHR/F/1026/0036

  4. in 6 days
    PERKHIDMATAN SEWAAN PENAPIS AIR SEBANYAK 15 UNIT BAGI TEMPOH 24 BULAN DI POLITEKNIK SULTAN HAJI AHMAD SHAH, KUANTAN PAHANG

    Higher Education · JABATAN PENDIDIKAN POLITEKNIK DAN KOLEJ KOMUNITI

    Quotation · Perkhidmatan Bukan Perunding · Cleaning, upkeep and rental · 221502 · QT260000000029589

  5. in 7 days
    PERKHIDMATAN KERJA-KERJA MEMUNGUT, MENGANGKAT SERTA MELUPUS SAMPAH DI KAMPUS KESIHATAN, UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA, KUBANG KERIAN, KELANTAN UNTUK TEMPOH TIGA (3) TAHUN MULAI 1 APRIL 2027 31 DISEMBER 2029.

    Higher Education · UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA (USM)

    Tender · Perkhidmatan Bukan Perunding · Cleaning, upkeep and rental · 221003 · T3/26/BMH001/JPPF/43

  6. in 7 days
    PERKHIDMATAN KERJA-KERJA MEMUNGUT, MENGANGKAT SERTA MELUPUS SAMPAH DI KAMPUS INDUK, UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA, PULAU PINANG UNTUK TEMPOH TIGA (3) TAHUN MULAI 1 JANUARI 2027 31 DISEMBER 2029.

    Higher Education · UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA (USM)

    Tender · Perkhidmatan Bukan Perunding · Cleaning, upkeep and rental · 221003 · T1/26/AJP001/JPPF/43

  7. in 8 days
    PERKHIDMATAN MEMBERSIH DAN MENCUCI BANGUNAN DI SEKSYEN OPERASI BANGUNAN FAKULTI DAN PEJABAT 2 (ZON 6) UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA (UITM) SHAH ALAM, SELANGOR UNTUK TEMPOH SATU (1) TAHUN

    Higher Education · UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA (UITM)

    Quotation · Perkhidmatan Bukan Perunding · Cleaning, upkeep and rental · 221001 · UITM/B1/PER/SHR/F/1026/0030

  8. in 13 days
    PERKHIDMATAN PEMBERSIHAN & PENCUCIAN BANGUNAN, PENYELENGGARAAN SENITAMAN & LANDSKAP SERTA PEMOTONGAN RUMPUT SELAMA DUA (2) TAHUN DI UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG AL-SULTAN ABDULLAH, PEKAN

    Higher Education · UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG (UMP)

    Tender · Perkhidmatan Bukan Perunding · Cleaning, upkeep and rental · 221001, 221003 · UMPSA/PPH.T/2026(9)

  9. in 15 days
    PERKHIDMATAN KERJA-KERJA PEMOTONGAN RUMPUT, MEMBERSIH KAWASAN DAN PENYELENGGARAAN LANDSKAP DI KAMPUS KESIHATAN, UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA, KUBANG KERIAN, KELANTAN UNTUK TEMPOH TIGA (3) TAHUN (2027 2029).

    Higher Education · UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA (USM)

    Tender · Perkhidmatan Bukan Perunding · Cleaning, upkeep and rental · 221002 · T3/26/BM/JPPF-KCK&HPUSM/44

  10. in 15 days
    PERKHIDMATAN KERJA-KERJA PEMOTONGAN RUMPUT, MEMBERSIH KAWASAN DAN PENYELENGGARAAN LANDSKAP DI KAMPUS KEJURUTERAAN TUANKU SYED SIRAJUDDIN, UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA, NIBONG TEBAL, PULAU PINANG UNTUK TEMPOH TIGA (3) TAHUN (2027 2029).

    Higher Education · UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA (USM)

    Tender · Perkhidmatan Bukan Perunding · Cleaning, upkeep and rental · 221002 · T2/26/BM/JPPF-KKTSS/44/ZA-ZD

  11. in 15 days
    PERKHIDMATAN KERJA-KERJA PEMOTONGAN RUMPUT, MEMBERSIH KAWASAN DAN PENYELENGGARAAN LANDSKAP DI PUSAT KANSER TUN ABDULLAH AHMAD BADAWI, UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA, BERTAM UNTUK TEMPOH TIGA (3) TAHUN (2027 2029).

    Higher Education · UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA (USM)

    Tender · Perkhidmatan Bukan Perunding · Cleaning, upkeep and rental · 221002 · T1/26/BM/JPPF-PKTAAB/44

  12. in 15 days
    PERKHIDMATAN KERJA-KERJA PEMOTONGAN RUMPUT, MEMBERSIH KAWASAN DAN PENYELENGGARAAN LANDSKAP DI KAWASAN KAMPUS INDUK, UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA, PULAU PINANG UNTUK TEMPOH TIGA (3) TAHUN (2027 2029)

    Higher Education · UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA (USM)

    Tender · Perkhidmatan Bukan Perunding · Cleaning, upkeep and rental · 221002 · T1/26/BM/JPPF-KI/44/Z1-Z4

  13. in 20 days
    TENDER PERKHIDMATAN PENYELENGGARAAN LANDSKAP DAN PERSIAPAN UPACARA UNTUK TEMPOH TIGA (3) TAHUN DI HOSPITAL CANSELOR TUANKU MUHRIZ, UKM.

    Higher Education · PUSAT PERUBATAN UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA (PPUKM)

    Tender · Perkhidmatan Bukan Perunding · Cleaning, upkeep and rental · 221002, 221003, 221305 · NETST202600108

    RM 1.8m
  14. in 20 days
    TAWARAN SEMULA PERKHIDMATAN PENYEDIAAN, SENGGARAAN DAN PEMBERSIHAN SANITARY BIN SERTA PERALATAN HYGIENE DAN LAIN-LAIN KERJA YANG BERKAITAN DI KAMPUS UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA SINTOK, KEDAH DARUL AMAN BAGI TEMPOH DUA (2) TAHUN

    Higher Education · UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA (UUM)

    Tender · Perkhidmatan Bukan Perunding · Cleaning, upkeep and rental · 221001 · UUM/BEN/T511/2026

    RM 1.0m
  15. in 21 days
    TENDER PERKHIDMATAN KEBERSIHAN BANGUNAN DI POLITEKNIK MERSING JOHOR BAGI TEMPOH 26 BULAN

    Higher Education · JABATAN PENDIDIKAN POLITEKNIK DAN KOLEJ KOMUNITI

    Tender · Perkhidmatan Bukan Perunding · Cleaning, upkeep and rental · 221001 · QT260000000029805

  16. in 21 days
    TENDER PERKHIDMATAN KEBERSIHAN KAWASAN (LANDSKAP) DI POLITEKNIK MERSING JOHOR BAGI TEMPOH 26 BULAN

    Higher Education · JABATAN PENDIDIKAN POLITEKNIK DAN KOLEJ KOMUNITI

    Tender · Perkhidmatan Bukan Perunding · Cleaning, upkeep and rental · 221002 · QT260000000029806

How this is made

Open calls are read from the Treasury's MyProcurement advertisement pages three times a day: 982 of 982 tenders and 3,870 of 3,881 quotations on the last read. A call stays on MyProcurement for a while after it closes; those are hidden unless you ask for them. Each title links to its own MyProcurement page, which holds the documents and the official dates.

Industries come from the field codes on each call (MOF supply and service codes, CIDB works codes), grouped into fourteen industries. Awards carry no field codes, so their industry is estimated from the title by a word model trained on the open calls; on calls where both are known the two agree about four times in five. Treat industry history as an estimate, and ministry history as exact.

Award history covers 144,770 tenders and quotations awarded from 2021, from the same site's results archive. Ministries that were renamed are counted under today's name (for example, Pembangunan Luar Bandar under Kemajuan Desa dan Wilayah); ministries that were split or merged keep their old names. A state is shown only when the title or agency names exactly one state, which is true for 2,778 of 4,852 calls.

tender.analitik.my is independent analysis by analitik.my. It is not affiliated with the Treasury or any ministry. Bids are made only through ePerolehan or the issuing agency, never through a third party.

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