tender.analitik.my

Read from MyProcurement Wed 28 Oct at 19:15

How to use it: a 46-second film

How to use it, in 46 seconds. Read the narration

666 federal calls close in the next 7 days. Each one sits on the day it closes. Pick a day, and the list narrows to it: 122 close on Monday, 2 November. Compare each industry with earlier years, by number of awards or value. Then narrow it to your own line of work. Search the titles as they were published, in Malay: 2 cleaning calls close that Monday. Each one opens on MyProcurement, where the notice downloads as a PDF. Its closing date: 02/11/2026, the day you picked.

Figures in the film are from Wed 28 Oct 2026, 13:15; the page below is current.

Open federal tenders and quotations (sebut harga) by closing day

Against earlier years

Each year's solid bar counts awards made from 1 January to 30 Jul and published by 30 Jul that year, so 2026 is compared like for like. The outline above it is what was published later. Results reach MyProcurement months or years after the award, and the last 90 days are left out because our copy of the newest results is still incomplete.

Industries
IndustryOpen nowWithin 7 daysIndicative priceAwards 2021–2026, number2026 vs 2025
Health and medical632RM 46.7m on 382021: 1,665 published by the same date, 3,940 for the full year2022: 1,613 published by the same date, 3,943 for the full year2023: 1,431 published by the same date, 3,863 for the full year2024: 2,067 published by the same date, 5,179 for the full year2025: 2,542 published by the same date, 6,302 for the full year2026: 2,620 published by the same date▲ 3%
Office, furniture and print623RM 4.5m on 272021: 1,816 published by the same date, 4,716 for the full year2022: 2,131 published by the same date, 4,419 for the full year2023: 1,221 published by the same date, 3,008 for the full year2024: 1,636 published by the same date, 3,547 for the full year2025: 1,604 published by the same date, 3,750 for the full year2026: 1,485 published by the same date▼ 7%
Building and civil works476RM 862m on 1652021: 269 published by the same date, 1,797 for the full year2022: 402 published by the same date, 2,256 for the full year2023: 255 published by the same date, 2,049 for the full year2024: 669 published by the same date, 2,944 for the full year2025: 690 published by the same date, 2,695 for the full year2026: 632 published by the same date▼ 8%
Vehicles, vessels and aircraft413RM 9.2m on 112021: 1,000 published by the same date, 2,364 for the full year2022: 845 published by the same date, 1,726 for the full year2023: 449 published by the same date, 1,171 for the full year2024: 618 published by the same date, 1,292 for the full year2025: 709 published by the same date, 1,695 for the full year2026: 895 published by the same date▲ 26%
ICT and telecoms411RM 33.5m on 452021: 543 published by the same date, 1,864 for the full year2022: 642 published by the same date, 1,674 for the full year2023: 400 published by the same date, 1,438 for the full year2024: 685 published by the same date, 1,591 for the full year2025: 720 published by the same date, 2,006 for the full year2026: 973 published by the same date▲ 35%
Cleaning, upkeep and rental377RM 45.3m on 332021: 1,690 published by the same date, 4,778 for the full year2022: 2,284 published by the same date, 5,184 for the full year2023: 1,478 published by the same date, 3,556 for the full year2024: 1,638 published by the same date, 4,122 for the full year2025: 1,749 published by the same date, 4,388 for the full year2026: 1,896 published by the same date▲ 8%
Mechanical and electrical226RM 122m on 792021: 437 published by the same date, 1,478 for the full year2022: 464 published by the same date, 1,473 for the full year2023: 275 published by the same date, 1,195 for the full year2024: 424 published by the same date, 1,399 for the full year2025: 533 published by the same date, 1,498 for the full year2026: 609 published by the same date▲ 14%
Chemicals, fuel and labs181RM 26.4m on 602021: 450 published by the same date, 1,106 for the full year2022: 502 published by the same date, 987 for the full year2023: 279 published by the same date, 732 for the full year2024: 364 published by the same date, 874 for the full year2025: 425 published by the same date, 995 for the full year2026: 505 published by the same date▲ 19%
Food and catering167RM 19.3m on 232021: 755 published by the same date, 1,997 for the full year2022: 818 published by the same date, 2,288 for the full year2023: 617 published by the same date, 2,161 for the full year2024: 723 published by the same date, 1,690 for the full year2025: 743 published by the same date, 1,885 for the full year2026: 793 published by the same date▲ 7%
Training, events and manpower130RM 4.0m on 192021: 186 published by the same date, 535 for the full year2022: 268 published by the same date, 717 for the full year2023: 311 published by the same date, 595 for the full year2024: 165 published by the same date, 387 for the full year2025: 334 published by the same date, 616 for the full year2026: 154 published by the same date▼ 54%
Defence and security127RM 23.1m on 92021: 767 published by the same date, 2,192 for the full year2022: 683 published by the same date, 2,037 for the full year2023: 865 published by the same date, 1,771 for the full year2024: 543 published by the same date, 2,154 for the full year2025: 616 published by the same date, 1,886 for the full year2026: 623 published by the same date▲ 1%
Agriculture and livestock39RM 9.7m on 192021: 252 published by the same date, 620 for the full year2022: 342 published by the same date, 608 for the full year2023: 192 published by the same date, 414 for the full year2024: 338 published by the same date, 516 for the full year2025: 346 published by the same date, 497 for the full year2026: 344 published by the same date▼ 1%
Consultancy22RM 38.8m on 122021: 24 published by the same date, 165 for the full year2022: 36 published by the same date, 199 for the full year2023: 28 published by the same date, 144 for the full year2024: 47 published by the same date, 174 for the full year2025: 39 published by the same date, 113 for the full year2026: 63 published by the same date▲ 62%
Other19RM 3.3m on 82021: 10 published by the same date, 69 for the full year2022: 13 published by the same date, 58 for the full year2023: 10 published by the same date, 37 for the full year2024: 8 published by the same date, 28 for the full year2025: 5 published by the same date, 14 for the full year2026: 3 published by the same date▼ 40%
Ministries
MinistryOpen nowWithin 7 daysIndicative priceAwards 2021–2026, number2026 vs 2025
HealthKEMENTERIAN KESIHATAN542RM 99k on 12021: 1,611 published by the same date, 3,807 for the full year2022: 1,573 published by the same date, 3,859 for the full year2023: 1,414 published by the same date, 3,782 for the full year2024: 2,027 published by the same date, 5,070 for the full year2025: 2,509 published by the same date, 6,217 for the full year2026: 2,595 published by the same date▲ 3%
Higher EducationKEMENTERIAN PENDIDIKAN TINGGI51RM 45.1m on 362021: 0 published by the same date, 5 for the full year2022: 0 published by the same date, 11 for the full year2023: 0 published by the same date, 4 for the full year2024: 1 published by the same date, 2 for the full year2025: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2026: 0 published by the same datenew
DefenceKEMENTERIAN PERTAHANAN222021: 38 published by the same date, 68 for the full year2022: 19 published by the same date, 29 for the full year2023: 7 published by the same date, 33 for the full year2024: 11 published by the same date, 57 for the full year2025: 12 published by the same date, 39 for the full year2026: 7 published by the same date▼ 42%
Home AffairsKEMENTERIAN DALAM NEGERI82021: 1 published by the same date, 9 for the full year2022: 3 published by the same date, 5 for the full year2023: 0 published by the same date, 4 for the full year2024: 2 published by the same date, 11 for the full year2025: 3 published by the same date, 10 for the full year2026: 3 published by the same datelevel
Women, Family and CommunityKEMENTERIAN PEMBANGUNAN WANITA, KELUARGA DAN MASYARAKAT2RM 1.5m on 12021: 1 published by the same date, 4 for the full year2022: 0 published by the same date, 3 for the full year2023: 0 published by the same date, 6 for the full year2024: 0 published by the same date, 2 for the full year2025: 2 published by the same date, 5 for the full year2026: 0 published by the same date▼ 100%
Agriculture and Food SecurityKEMENTERIAN PERTANIAN DAN KETERJAMINAN MAKANAN22021: 2 published by the same date, 10 for the full year2022: 6 published by the same date, 14 for the full year2023: 1 published by the same date, 5 for the full year2024: 5 published by the same date, 11 for the full year2025: 2 published by the same date, 9 for the full year2026: 2 published by the same datelevel
EducationKEMENTERIAN PENDIDIKAN MALAYSIA22021: 0 published by the same date, 1 for the full year2022: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2023: 1 published by the same date, 1 for the full year2024: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2025: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2026: 0 published by the same datenew
Science, Technology and InnovationKEMENTERIAN SAINS, TEKNOLOGI DAN INOVASI12021: 8 published by the same date, 22 for the full year2022: 10 published by the same date, 17 for the full year2023: 6 published by the same date, 21 for the full year2024: 14 published by the same date, 16 for the full year2025: 9 published by the same date, 10 for the full year2026: 5 published by the same date▼ 44%
Prime Minister's DepartmentJABATAN PERDANA MENTERI12021: 0 published by the same date, 2 for the full year2022: 2 published by the same date, 2 for the full year2023: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2024: 2 published by the same date, 2 for the full year2025: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2026: 1 published by the same datenew
Housing and Local GovernmentKEMENTERIAN PERUMAHAN DAN KERAJAAN TEMPATAN12021: 1 published by the same date, 2 for the full year2022: 0 published by the same date, 1 for the full year2023: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2024: 1 published by the same date, 1 for the full year2025: 0 published by the same date, 5 for the full year2026: 5 published by the same datenew
Natural ResourcesKEMENTERIAN SUMBER ASLI DAN KELESTARIAN ALAM02021: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2022: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2023: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2024: 2 published by the same date, 2 for the full year2025: 2 published by the same date, 2 for the full year2026: 0 published by the same date▼ 100%
FinanceKEMENTERIAN KEWANGAN02021: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2022: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2023: 0 published by the same date, 2 for the full year2024: 0 published by the same date, 1 for the full year2025: 1 published by the same date, 1 for the full year2026: 1 published by the same datelevel
CommunicationsKEMENTERIAN KOMUNIKASI02021: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2022: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2023: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2024: 1 published by the same date, 1 for the full year2025: 1 published by the same date, 3 for the full year2026: 0 published by the same date▼ 100%
TransportKEMENTERIAN PENGANGKUTAN02021: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2022: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2023: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2024: 1 published by the same date, 2 for the full year2025: 1 published by the same date, 1 for the full year2026: 0 published by the same date▼ 100%
WorksKEMENTERIAN KERJA RAYA02021: 0 published by the same date, 1 for the full year2022: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2023: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2024: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2025: 0 published by the same date, 0 for the full year2026: 1 published by the same datenew

Show all 15 ministries

The calls

  1. closed 31 days ago
  2. closed 31 days ago
  3. closed 31 days ago
    SEBUT HARGA MEMBEKAL, MENGHANTAR DAN MENYERAH AUTOCLAVE TAPE 18MM X 55M KE HOSPITAL PULAU PINANG BAGI TEMPOH SATU (1) TAHUN

    Health · JABATAN KESIHATAN NEGERI PULAU PINANG

    Quotation · Bekalan · Health and medical · 050301 · QT260000000021191

  4. closed 31 days ago
  5. closed 31 days ago
    SEBUT HARGA MEMBEKAL, MENGHANTAR, MENGUJI DAN MENTAULIAH GUNA SATU (1) UNIT LAPAROSCOPE DI JABATAN OBSTETRIK & GINEKOLOGI, HOSPITAL KEPALA BATAS PULAU PINANG

    Health · JABATAN KESIHATAN NEGERI PULAU PINANG

    Quotation · Bekalan · Health and medical · 050102 · QT260000000021678

  6. closed 31 days ago
    SEBUT HARGA MEMBEKAL, MENGHANTAR DAN MENYERAH CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETER, TRIPLE LUMEN 7FR X 20CM KE HOSPITAL PULAU PINANG BAGI TEMPOH SATU (1) TAHUN

    Health · JABATAN KESIHATAN NEGERI PULAU PINANG

    Quotation · Bekalan · Health and medical · 050301 · QT260000000019340

  7. closed 31 days ago
  8. closed 31 days ago
  9. closed 31 days ago
    SEBUT HARGA MEMBEKAL DAN MENGHANTAR UBAT LORLATINIB 100MG TABLET DI JABATAN FARMASI HOSPITAL WANITA DAN KANAK-KANAK SABAH UNTUK TEMPOH SATU (1) TAHUN

    Health · JABATAN KESIHATAN NEGERI SABAH

    Quotation · Bekalan · Health and medical · 050202 · QT260000000025792

  10. closed 31 days ago
    SEBUT HARGA MEMBEKAL DAN MENGHANTAR UBAT LIGNOCAINE (LIDOCAINE) 10% W/W SPRAY DI JABATAN FARMASI HOSPITAL WANITA DAN KANAK-KANAK SABAH UNTUK TEMPOH SATU (1) TAHUN.

    Health · JABATAN KESIHATAN NEGERI SABAH

    Quotation · Bekalan · Health and medical · 050202 · QT260000000025793

  11. closed 31 days ago
  12. closed 31 days ago
  13. closed 31 days ago
    MEMBEKAL, MENGHANTAR DAN MENYERAH UBAT MESNA 400MG/4ML INJECTION KE JABATAN ONKOLOGI HOSPITAL SULTAN ISMAIL JOHOR BAHRU BAGI TEMPOH DUA (2) TAHUN

    Health · JABATAN KESIHATAN NEGERI JOHOR

    Quotation · Bekalan · Health and medical · 050201 · QT260000000027077

  14. closed 31 days ago
  15. closed 31 days ago
    MEMBEKAL, MENGHANTAR DAN MENYERAH UBAT LENVATINIB 10MG KAPSUL KE JABATAN ONKOLOGI HOSPITAL SULTAN ISMAIL JOHOR BAHRU BAGI TEMPOH DUA (2) TAHUN

    Health · JABATAN KESIHATAN NEGERI JOHOR

    Quotation · Bekalan · Health and medical · 050201 · QT260000000027071

  16. closed 31 days ago
    SEBUT HARGA MEMBEKAL DAN MENGHANTAR BARANG PAKAI BUANG DISPOSABLE BLOOD TRANSDUCER SET KE JAB.ANESTESIOLOGI DAN RAWATAN KRITIKAL HUS BAGI TEMPOH 24 BULAN.(2026/B/107)

    Health · JABATAN KESIHATAN NEGERI SARAWAK

    Quotation · Bekalan · Health and medical · 050301 · QT260000000027174

  17. closed 31 days ago
  18. closed 31 days ago
    MEMBEKAL DAN MENGHANTAR BEKALAN UBAT LIRAGLUTIDE 6MG/ML PREFILLED PEN BAGI TEMPOH DUA (2) TAHUN KE UNIT FARMASI LOGISTIK, JABATAN FARMASI, HOSPITAL TENGKU AMPUAN AFZAN, KUANTAN

    Health · JABATAN KESIHATAN NEGERI PAHANG

    Quotation · Bekalan · Health and medical · 050201, 050202, 050203 · QT260000000027422

  19. closed 31 days ago
  20. closed 31 days ago
  21. closed 31 days ago
    SEBUT HARGA MEMBEKAL DAN MENGHANTAR IXEKIZUMAB 80MG SOLUTION FOR INJECTION BAGI TEMPOH DUA (2) TAHUN KEPADA JABATAN FARMASI HOSPITAL MELAKA

    Health · JABATAN KESIHATAN NEGERI MELAKA

    Quotation · Bekalan · Health and medical · 050202 · QT260000000027526

  22. closed 31 days ago
    MEMBEKAL DAN MENGHANTAR BEKALAN BUKAN UBAT HYDROGEN PEROXIDE CASSETTE BAGI TEMPOH DUA PULUH EMPAT (24) BULAN KE UNIT FARMASI LOGISTIK, JABATAN FARMASI, HOSPITAL SELAYANG

    Health · JABATAN KESIHATAN NEGERI SELANGOR

    Quotation · Bekalan · Health and medical · 050102 · QT260000000027736

  23. closed 31 days ago
    MEMBEKAL DAN MENGHANTAR TWO-PHASE FILTER TIPS, 10UL M SIZE (40MM) FOR USE WITH SINGLE CHANNEL ADJUSTIBLE PIPETTES DI HOSPITAL AMPANG BAGI TEMPOH DUA (2) TAHUN

    Health · JABATAN KESIHATAN NEGERI SELANGOR

    Quotation · Bekalan · Health and medical · 050301 · QT260000000028151

  24. closed 31 days ago
    SEBUT HARGA MEMBEKAL, MENGHANTAR, MEMASANG, MENGUJI DAN MENTAULIAH PERALATAN PERUBATAN SATU (1) UNIT FUNDUS CAMERA UNTUK KEGUNAAN KLINIK KESIHATAN JELEBU

    Health · JABATAN KESIHATAN NEGERI SEMBILAN

    Quotation · Bekalan · Health and medical · 050102 · QT260000000028185

  25. closed 31 days ago
  26. closed 31 days ago
    TAWARAN PERKHIDMATAN BAGI MEMBEKAL,MENGHANTAR DAN MENTAULIAH DUA BUAH ULTRASOUND MACHINE DI PEJABAT KESIHATAN KAWASAN TUARAN TAHUN 2026

    Health · JABATAN KESIHATAN NEGERI SABAH

    Quotation · Bekalan · Health and medical · 050102 · QT260000000028375

  27. closed 31 days ago
    RM 1.3m
  28. closed 31 days ago
  29. closed 31 days ago
  30. closed 31 days ago
  31. closed 30 days ago
    [IKLAN DIBATALKAN] BEKALAN HARTA MODAL BAGI PENEMPATAN BANDUAN RENTAN,OKU,WARGA EMAS FASA 2 DI PENJARA MARANG.

    Home Affairs · JABATAN PENJARA

    Quotation · Bekalan · Health and medical · 050101, 050102 · QT260000000027515

  32. closed 30 days ago
  33. closed 30 days ago
  34. closed 30 days ago
  35. closed 30 days ago
  36. closed 30 days ago
  37. closed 30 days ago
  38. closed 30 days ago
  39. closed 30 days ago
  40. closed 30 days ago
  41. closed 30 days ago
  42. closed 30 days ago
  43. closed 30 days ago
    SEBUT HARGA MEMBEKAL DAN MENGHANTAR SOMATROPIN 5.3MG INJECTION DI JABATAN FARMASI DAN BEKALAN HOSPITAL SULTAN ABDUL HALIM UNTUK TEMPOH DUA BELAS (12) BULAN

    Health · JABATAN KESIHATAN NEGERI KEDAH

    Quotation · Bekalan · Health and medical · 050201 · QT260000000027251

  44. closed 30 days ago
    MEMBEKAL DAN MENGHANTAR SPINAL NEEDLE 27G X 3 1/2 INCH WITH INTRODUCER BAGI TEMPOH DUA (2) TAHUN KE HOSPITAL TENGKU AMPUAN RAHIMAH, KLANG

    Health · JABATAN KESIHATAN NEGERI SELANGOR

    Quotation · Bekalan · Health and medical · 050301 · QT260000000024084

  45. closed 30 days ago
  46. closed 30 days ago
  47. closed 30 days ago
  48. closed 30 days ago
    SEBUT HARGA PEMBEKALAN AMILOMER (DEGRADABLE STARCH MICROSPHERES) 450MG/7.5ML BAGI TEMPOH DUA (2) TAHUN KEPADA INSTITUT KANSER NEGARA (IKN), PUTRAJAYA

    Health · INSTITUT KANSER NEGARA

    Quotation · Bekalan · Health and medical · 050301 · QT260000000026677

  49. closed 30 days ago
    SEBUT HARGA PEMBEKALAN HYDROPHILIC GUIDE WIRE 0.038 X 150CM BAGI TEMPOH DUA (2) TAHUN KEPADA INSTITUT KANSER NEGARA (IKN), PUTRAJAYA

    Health · INSTITUT KANSER NEGARA

    Quotation · Bekalan · Health and medical · 050301 · QT260000000026678

  50. closed 30 days ago
    SEBUT HARGA PEMBEKALAN MICROCATHETER, ANGLED TIP, 1.8F X 135CM BAGI TEMPOH DUA (2) TAHUN KEPADA INSTITUT KANSER NEGARA (IKN), PUTRAJAYA

    Health · INSTITUT KANSER NEGARA

    Quotation · Bekalan · Health and medical · 050301 · QT260000000026679

  51. closed 30 days ago
    SEBUT HARGA PEMBEKALAN MICROCATHETER, ANGLED TIP, 1.9F X 135CM BAGI TEMPOH DUA (2) TAHUN KEPADA INSTITUT KANSER NEGARA (IKN), PUTRAJAYA

    Health · INSTITUT KANSER NEGARA

    Quotation · Bekalan · Health and medical · 050301 · QT260000000026681

  52. closed 30 days ago
  53. closed 30 days ago
    MEMBEKAL DAN MENGHANTAR TRANSPARENT IV DRESSING 7CM X 9CM BAGI TEMPOH SATU (1) TAHUN KE HOSPITAL TENGKU AMPUAN RAHIMAH, KLANG.

    Health · JABATAN KESIHATAN NEGERI SELANGOR

    Quotation · Bekalan · Health and medical · 050301 · QT260000000026809

  54. closed 30 days ago
    SEBUT HARGA MEMBEKAL DAN MENGHANTAR SEMAGLUTIDE 1.34MG / ML (0.25MG, 0.5MG/DOSE) SOLUTION FOR INJECTION BAGI TEMPOH DUA (2) TAHUN KEPADA JABATAN FARMASI HOSPITAL MELAKA

    Health · JABATAN KESIHATAN NEGERI MELAKA

    Quotation · Bekalan · Health and medical · 050202 · QT260000000027525

  55. closed 30 days ago
  56. closed 30 days ago
    SEBUTHARGA MEMBEKAL, MENGHANTAR, MEMASANG, MENGUJI DAN MENTAULIAH SATU (1) UNIT MESIN ULTRASOUND DI PEJABAT KESIHATAN DAERAH MUAR.

    Health · JABATAN KESIHATAN NEGERI JOHOR

    Quotation · Bekalan · Health and medical · 050102 · QT260000000027677

  57. closed 30 days ago
  58. closed 30 days ago
    SEBUTHARGA MEMBEKAL, MENGHANTAR, MEMASANG, MENGUJI DAN MENTAULIAH PERALATAN DUA (2) UNIT FUNDUS CAMERA DI PEJABAT KESIHATAN DAERAH MUAR

    Health · JABATAN KESIHATAN NEGERI JOHOR

    Quotation · Bekalan · Health and medical · 050102 · QT260000000028047

  59. closed 30 days ago
  60. closed 30 days ago
    SEBUT HARGA UNTUK MEMBEKAL, MENGHANTAR, MEMASANG, MENGUJI DAN MENTAULIAH 1 UNIT SCANNING SYSTEM, ULTRASONIC BESERTA AKSESORI KE JABATAN UROLOGI DI PUSAT JANTUNG SARAWAK

    Health · JABATAN KESIHATAN NEGERI SARAWAK

    Quotation · Bekalan · Health and medical · 050102 · QT260000000028671

Show 60 more of 572

How this is made

Open calls are read from the Treasury's MyProcurement advertisement pages three times a day: 983 of 992 tenders and 3,922 of 3,942 quotations on the last read. A call stays on MyProcurement for a while after it closes; those are hidden unless you ask for them. Each title links to its own MyProcurement page, which holds the documents and the official dates.

Industries come from the field codes on each call (MOF supply and service codes, CIDB works codes), grouped into fourteen industries. Awards carry no field codes, so their industry is estimated from the title by a word model trained on the open calls; on calls where both are known the two agree about four times in five. Treat industry history as an estimate, and ministry history as exact.

Award history covers 144,770 tenders and quotations awarded from 2021, from the same site's results archive. Ministries that were renamed are counted under today's name (for example, Pembangunan Luar Bandar under Kemajuan Desa dan Wilayah); ministries that were split or merged keep their old names. A state is shown only when the title or agency names exactly one state, which is true for 2,814 of 4,905 calls.

tender.analitik.my is independent analysis by analitik.my. It is not affiliated with the Treasury or any ministry. Bids are made only through ePerolehan or the issuing agency, never through a third party.

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